Youth Ranking

States with rankings 1-13 have a lower prevalence of mental illness and higher rates of access to care for youth. States with rankings 39-51 indicate that youth have a higher prevalence of mental illness and lower rates of access to care.

The seven measures that make up the Youth Ranking include:

  1.  Youth with at Least One Major Depressive Episode (MDE) in the Past Year
  2.  Youth with Substance Use Disorder in the Past Year
  3.  Youth with Serious Thoughts of Suicide
  4.  Youth (Ages 6-17) Flourishing
  5.  Youth with MDE Who Did Not Receive Mental Health Services
  6.  Youth with Private Insurance That Did Not Cover Mental or Emotional Problems
  7.  Students (K+) Identified with Emotional Disturbance for an Individualized Education Program.
StateRank
District of Columbia1
Connecticut2
Massachusetts3
Illinois4
Georgia5
Vermont6
Maine7
Utah8
Michigan9
New Jersey10
New York11
Wisconsin12
Pennsylvania13
New Hampshire14
Texas15
Kansas16
Virginia17
Mississippi18
Minnesota19
California20
Hawaii21
Florida22
Rhode Island23
Iowa24
South Dakota25
North Carolina26
Indiana27
Wyoming28
Ohio29
Nebraska30
Maryland31
Alabama32
North Dakota33
Delaware34
South Carolina35
Kentucky36
West Virginia37
Louisiana38
Oklahoma39
Idaho40
Missouri41
Montana42
Arkansas43
Colorado44
New Mexico45
Tennessee46
Alaska47
Washington48
Oregon49
Arizona50
Nevada51

Youth with at Least One Past Year Major Depressive Episode (MDE)

20.17% of youth (ages 12-17) reported suffering from at least one major depressive episode (MDE) in the past year.

15% of youth in the U.S. experienced an MDE with severe impairment, meaning it severely impacted their functioning at work, school, or home.

The state prevalence of youth with MDE ranges from 16.02% in the District of Columbia to 24.96% in Oregon.

StateRankPercentageNumber
District of Columbia116.02%5,000
Hawaii217.15%17,000
Georgia317.39%159,000
South Carolina417.88%72,000
Utah518.33%62,000
Texas618.40%483,000
Michigan718.65%142,000
Mississippi818.73%47,000
Oklahoma918.76%63,000
Arkansas1018.97%47,000
Massachusetts1119.18%93,000
South Dakota1219.21%14,000
Vermont1319.25%8,000
Alabama1419.41%76,000
Wisconsin1519.41%89,000
North Carolina1619.46%160,000
Kentucky1719.50%69,000
New York1819.58%272,000
New Jersey1919.70%141,000
Connecticut2019.83%54,000
West Virginia2119.85%25,000
Louisiana2219.91%74,000
Maine2319.93%18,000
California2420.01%616,000
Illinois2520.21%202,000
Virginia2620.22%133,000
Kansas2720.34%50,000
Indiana2820.44%114,000
Tennessee2920.50%111,000
Pennsylvania3020.50%193,000
Delaware3120.55%15,000
Ohio3220.79%190,000
Iowa3320.88%54,000
Nebraska3421.12%35,000
Florida3521.43%325,000
Idaho3621.50%37,000
North Dakota3721.56%13,000
Missouri3821.59%105,000
New Hampshire3921.63%20,000
Wyoming4021.70%10,000
Alaska4121.72%13,000
Montana4221.89%18,000
Minnesota4322.07%102,000
Rhode Island4422.15%16,000
Maryland4522.17%105,000
New Mexico4623.23%40,000
Colorado4723.32%103,000
Washington4823.39%135,000
Nevada4923.51%58,000
Arizona5023.96%139,000
Oregon5124.96%76,000
National20.17%5,217,000

Youth with Serious Thoughts of Suicide

13.16% of youth (over 3.4 million youth) are experiencing serious thoughts of suicide.

The state prevalence of youth with serious thoughts of suicide ranges from 10.68% in the District of Columbia to 15.00% in Oregon.

StateRankPercentageNumber
District of Columbia110.68%4,000
Connecticut211.00%30,000
Michigan311.85%90,000
Texas412.05%316,000
Massachusetts512.24%59,000
New York612.25%170,000
Georgia712.34%113,000
Mississippi812.37%31,000
South Carolina912.55%50,000
New Jersey1012.71%91,000
North Carolina1112.79%105,000
Kentucky1212.94%46,000
New Mexico1312.95%22,000
Rhode Island1412.98%10,000
Utah1513.04%44,000
Delaware1613.06%10,000
Vermont1713.07%6,000
Kansas1813.09%32,000
Louisiana1913.20%49,000
Illinois2013.21%132,000
Alabama2113.23%52,000
Maryland2213.32%63,000
Maine2313.34%12,000
Indiana2413.34%74,000
California2513.34%411,000
Virginia2613.37%88,000
Florida2713.40%203,000
Pennsylvania2813.46%127,000
New Hampshire2913.58%13,000
Arizona3013.61%79,000
North Dakota3113.63%8,000
Wisconsin3213.69%63,000
Oklahoma3313.71%46,000
Nevada3413.80%34,000
Iowa3513.80%36,000
West Virginia3613.90%18,000
Minnesota3713.94%64,000
Arkansas3814.03%35,000
Hawaii3914.04%14,000
Tennessee4014.16%77,000
Nebraska4114.18%24,000
Ohio4214.25%130,000
Colorado4314.26%63,000
South Dakota4414.33%11,000
Wyoming4514.34%7,000
Missouri4614.43%70,000
Alaska4714.52%9,000
Montana4814.64%12,000
Washington4914.79%85,000
Idaho5014.89%25,000
Oregon5115.00%46,000
National5213.16%3,406,000

Youth with Substance Use Disorder in the Past Year

8.95% of youth in the U.S. reported a substance use disorder in the past year.

3.32% had an alcohol use disorder in the past year, while 7.17% had a drug use disorder.

The state prevalence of youth with substance use disorder ranges from 5.43% in Utah to 16.01% in New Mexico.

According to SAMHSA, “Substance Use Disorder (SUD) estimates are based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition criteria. SUD is defined as meeting the criteria for drug or alcohol use disorder. Beginning with the 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, questions on prescription drug use disorder were asked of all past year users of prescription drugs, regardless of whether they misused prescription drugs.”

StateRankPercentageNumber
Utah15.43%18,000
New Hampshire27.13%7,000
New Jersey37.25%52,000
North Carolina47.42%61,000
South Carolina57.44%30,000
Connecticut67.66%21,000
Mississippi77.69%19,000
Virginia87.69%50,000
Texas97.79%204,000
Alabama107.82%31,000
Michigan118.12%62,000
Massachusetts128.14%39,000
Florida138.19%124,000
California148.21%253,000
South Dakota158.23%6,000
Maryland168.31%39,000
Kentucky178.40%30,000
Pennsylvania188.55%80,000
Maine198.66%8,000
Arkansas208.77%22,000
Indiana218.78%49,000
Kansas228.81%22,000
Nebraska238.86%15,000
West Virginia248.96%11,000
North Dakota258.97%5,000
Delaware269.09%7,000
Georgia279.29%85,000
Illinois289.33%93,000
Ohio299.41%86,000
Wyoming309.43%5,000
Hawaii319.44%9,000
Tennessee329.47%51,000
New York339.53%132,000
Idaho349.86%17,000
Vermont3510.10%4,000
Wisconsin3610.28%47,000
Minnesota3710.30%47,000
District of Columbia3810.34%4,000
Arizona3910.68%62,000
Montana4010.93%9,000
Iowa4110.95%28,000
Washington4210.96%63,000
Rhode Island4311.03%8,000
Missouri4411.15%54,000
Colorado4511.27%50,000
Oklahoma4611.49%38,000
Alaska4711.51%7,000
Oregon4812.52%38,000
Louisiana4913.40%50,000
Nevada5014.09%35,000
New Mexico5116.01%27,000
National528.95%2,316,000

Youth with MDE who Did Not Receive Mental Health Services

56.1% of youth with major depression did not receive any mental health treatment. This was defined as receiving treatment or counseling from a medical doctor or other professional or receiving medication for MDE.

In 2022, 48.3% of youth with MDE reported an unmet need for treatment. The main reason youth reported not receiving care was they felt they should have been able to handle their mental health on their own (86.9%). That was followed by being worried what people would think or say if they got treatment (59.8%), being worried that the information they shared would not be kept private (57.8%), and not knowing how or where to get treatment (55.5%).

The state prevalence of untreated youth with depression ranges from 31.50% in the District of Columbia to 82.10% in South Dakota.

StateRankPercentageNumber
District of Columbia131.50%2,000
Maine234.60%6,000
Louisiana338.90%31,000
Illinois439.30%79,000
Idaho542.60%14,000
Rhode Island643.20%8,000
Oregon744.70%37,000
Maryland846.00%49,000
Massachusetts946.10%35,000
Montana1046.60%9,000
Wisconsin1147.00%37,000
North Carolina1247.20%71,000
Wyoming1347.20%4,000
Utah1447.90%24,000
Florida1549.70%155,000
Iowa1651.20%28,000
Ohio1752.00%97,000
Colorado1852.90%64,000
Connecticut1953.00%24,000
New Hampshire2053.00%11,000
Vermont2153.00%3,000
Missouri2253.30%65,000
Georgia2353.70%75,000
Pennsylvania2453.70%104,000
Washington2554.00%79,000
Kentucky2654.10%32,000
Virginia2754.50%75,000
Michigan2855.70%71,000
New Jersey2956.40%71,000
Mississippi3056.60%26,000
Oklahoma3156.60%28,000
Delaware3256.80%9,000
West Virginia3357.10%14,000
New York3457.20%149,000
Arkansas3558.30%24,000
Alabama3658.70%42,000
North Dakota3761.30%9,000
California3862.40%346,000
Tennessee3962.40%69,000
Minnesota4063.50%70,000
Nebraska4165.10%24,000
Indiana4266.40%65,000
Alaska4366.70%9,000
Kansas4466.70%34,000
Arizona4567.20%101,000
Texas4667.60%284,000
South Carolina4767.70%39,000
New Mexico4869.60%31,000
Hawaii4969.90%8,000
Nevada5073.70%47,000
South Dakota5182.10%8,000
National5256.10%2,793,000

Youth with Private Insurance That Did Not Cover Mental or Emotional Problems

Nationally, 8.5% of youth who are covered under private insurance do not have coverage for mental or emotional difficulties – totaling over 1 million youth.

The state prevalence of youth lacking mental health coverage ranges from 2.30% in Connecticut to 17.00% in Mississippi.

StateRankPercentageNumber
Connecticut12.30%4,000
Maine22.70%1,000
Kansas33.90%5,000
South Dakota44.90%2,000
New Hampshire55.30%3,000
District of Columbia65.50%1,000
New York75.60%36,000
Minnesota86.00%18,000
Vermont96.00%1,000
Illinois106.10%35,000
Wyoming116.10%2,000
Indiana126.20%20,000
Iowa136.30%9,000
New Mexico146.30%3,000
New Jersey156.50%24,000
Virginia166.50%23,000
Colorado176.70%16,000
California186.80%95,000
Utah196.80%15,000
Washington206.80%22,000
Idaho216.90%6,000
Alaska227.20%1,000
Rhode Island237.20%2,000
Oregon247.40%11,000
Alabama257.50%11,000
North Dakota267.60%2,000
Florida277.70%48,000
Wisconsin287.70%20,000
Ohio298.00%39,000
Pennsylvania308.20%40,000
Hawaii318.30%4,000
Nebraska328.30%8,000
Oklahoma339.00%9,000
Missouri349.10%20,000
Montana359.20%4,000
Massachusetts369.40%28,000
Louisiana379.60%10,000
Georgia3810.40%42,000
Michigan3910.40%40,000
Kentucky4010.70%15,000
Texas4110.90%112,000
West Virginia4211.20%6,000
Delaware4312.00%5,000
Maryland4413.60%36,000
Tennessee4514.00%29,000
Arkansas4614.10%12,000
North Carolina4714.20%55,000
Arizona4814.80%30,000
Nevada4914.80%18,000
South Carolina5015.90%26,000
Mississippi5117.00%12,000
National528.50%1,039,000

Students (K+) Identified with Emotional Disturbance for an Individualized Education Program

Only .667% of students are identified as having an Emotional Disturbance (ED) for an Individualized Education Program (IEP).

For purposes of an IEP, the term “Emotional Disturbance” is used to define youth with a mental or behavioral health condition that is affecting their educational performance.

The rate for this measure is shown as a rate per 1,000 students.

The calculation was made this way for ease of reading. Unfortunately, doing so hides the fact that the percentages are significantly lower.

The state rate of students identified as having an emotional disturbance for an IEP ranges from 28.01 per 1,000 students in Vermont to 1.55 per 1,000 students in Alabama.

StateRankPercentageNumber
Vermont128.012,122
Massachusetts219.0316,978
Minnesota31916,074
Pennsylvania415.1625,547
Maine513.972,342
Wisconsin613.0910,111
Indiana711.1511,294
North Dakota810.981,269
New Hampshire910.791,774
Connecticut1010.295,090
Rhode Island119.951,337
South Dakota129.391,301
Nebraska139.172,840
Illinois148.7815,585
Oregon158.624,762
Delaware168.031,117
Ohio177.7912,742
Texas187.639,911
Missouri197.476,401
Michigan207.3810,245
Virginia217.088,676
New York226.7316,536
Wyoming236.49595
District of Columbia246.46511
Mississippi256.312,726
Kentucky266.173,910
Arizona276.096,781
New Mexico285.811,771
Alaska295.73731
Colorado305.624,710
Maryland315.494,717
Oklahoma325.433,603
Montana335.27789
Georgia345.178,792
Kansas354.942,290
New Jersey364.756,226
Washington374.624,939
Hawaii384.55768
Idaho394.081,280
Florida404.0111,263
Nevada413.861,823
California423.6921,573
Tennessee433.313,224
West Virginia443.22761
North Carolina452.934,439
South Carolina462.471,886
Louisiana472.451,700
Utah482.381,610
Arkansas492.04970
Alabama501.551,127
Iowa51**
National526.67320,828

Youth with MDE Who Reported Treatment or Counseling Helped Them

Nationally, 65.0% of youth with MDE who received mental health treatment or counseling reported that it helped them at least “some.” Only a little over a third (36%) reported it helped them “a lot” or “extremely.”

Quality of care for youth with MDE varied significantly from the highest ranked to lowest ranked states – there was a 52% difference in the percentage of youth reporting treatment or counseling helped them between the District of Columbia (ranked 1) and Iowa (ranked 49).

The state rate of youth with MDE reporting treatment helped them ranges from 84.60% in the District of Columbia to 32.50% in Iowa.

This includes youth with MDE who received treatment or counseling in the past year and answered the question, “During the past 12 months, how much has treatment or counseling helped you?” with “some,” “a lot,” or “extremely.” Data for South Carolina and South Dakota were suppressed due to limited sample sizes. Due to data suppression in these two states, this indicator was not included in the overall rankings.

StateRankPercentageNumber
District of Columbia184.60%3,000
Montana284.50%8,000
New Hampshire382.60%8,000
Arkansas481.40%14,000
Mississippi578.80%13,000
Maine678.40%8,000
Colorado777.60%42,000
Wisconsin877.50%28,000
New York977.20%77,000
Wyoming1077.00%4,000
Alabama1175.60%21,000
Vermont1275.60%2,000
Minnesota1375.30%30,000
Indiana1473.30%20,000
Washington1572.70%48,000
New Mexico1671.70%9,000
New Jersey1770.60%35,000
North Carolina1870.20%52,000
Florida1970.10%103,000
Tennessee2068.10%26,000
Idaho2167.70%9,000
California2266.80%134,000
Illinois2366.80%78,000
Georgia2466.30%38,000
North Dakota2564.80%3,000
Pennsylvania2664.50%57,000
Texas2764.30%79,000
Oklahoma2863.80%13,000
West Virginia2962.70%6,000
Maryland3061.90%34,000
Michigan3161.60%33,000
Louisiana3261.30%28,000
Virginia3359.20%33,000
Utah3458.70%13,000
Delaware3558.50%4,000
Kansas3658.20%8,000
Ohio3757.10%47,000
Kentucky3856.60%14,000
Alaska3955.10%2,000
Oregon4054.60%22,000
Rhode Island4154.10%3,000
Massachusetts4253.90%22,000
Nevada4351.70%8,000
Nebraska4448.10%6,000
Arizona4544.30%21,000
Connecticut4642.60%9,000
Hawaii4738.60%1,000
Missouri4836.50%16,000
Iowa4932.50%8,000
South Carolina50**
South Dakota51**
National5265.00%1,301,000

Youth (Ages 6-17) Flourishing

Only 60.5% of youth ages 6-17 across the U.S. meet all three criteria for flourishing.

The state prevalence of youth flourishing ranges from 67.30% in Georgia to 54.30% in Kentucky.

Flourishing is determined as a positive indicator of mental health and wellbeing by the Health Resources and Services Administration’s (HRSA) Maternal and Child Health Bureau. The criteria for flourishing were designed to assess children and adolescents’ learning, resilience, and self-regulation. Youth who were flourishing were those who always or usually showed interest and curiosity in learning new things, work to finish tasks they started, and stayed calm and in control when faced with a challenge.

StateRankPercentageNumber
Georgia167.30%1,140,135
Illinois265.10%1,227,071
Hawaii364.80%128,879
New Mexico464.00%209,545
Kansas563.00%300,226
Mississippi663.00%297,462
Nebraska763.00%200,239
California862.70%3,729,267
Connecticut962.70%314,841
Massachusetts1062.30%573,969
Maryland1162.10%558,711
South Dakota1262.10%90,027
Minnesota1361.80%544,795
New Jersey1461.80%816,222
Iowa1561.60%300,447
Florida1661.20%1,759,625
Wisconsin1761.20%529,575
New York1860.80%1,612,253
Ohio1960.70%1,059,324
Michigan2060.60%873,500
Texas2160.60%3,058,797
Pennsylvania2260.40%1,086,892
Wyoming2360.30%55,957
South Carolina2459.90%461,746
West Virginia2559.70%147,572
Nevada2659.60%278,526
Arizona2759.50%659,292
New Hampshire2859.50%105,697
District of Columbia2959.40%44,019
Rhode Island3059.10%82,001
Virginia3159.00%739,666
Delaware3258.60%81,622
Louisiana3358.10%416,806
North Dakota3458.00%68,132
North Carolina3557.90%911,184
Tennessee3657.60%590,681
Oklahoma3757.30%367,068
Utah3857.30%367,698
Alaska3957.20%67,381
Indiana4057.00%604,001
Missouri4157.00%529,779
Idaho4256.90%178,277
Alabama4356.70%420,313
Colorado4456.70%484,277
Montana4556.50%90,594
Arkansas4656.00%267,516
Vermont4755.20%44,448
Washington4854.80%611,376
Maine4954.40%91,980
Oregon5054.40%319,747
Kentucky5154.30%364,150
National5260.50%29,863,306